2020-08-12

jQuery — New Wave JavaScript

Contribution Guides

In the spirit of open source software development, jQuery always encourages community code contribution. To help you get started and before you jump into writing code, be sure to read these important contribution guidelines thoroughly:

Environments in which to use jQuery

Browser support
jQuery also supports Node, browser extensions, and other non-browser environments.

What you need to build your own jQuery

To build jQuery, you need to have the latest Node.js/npm and git 1.7 or later. Earlier versions might work, but are not supported.

For Windows, you have to download and install git and Node.js.

macOS users should install Homebrew. Once Homebrew is installed, run brew install git to install git,
and brew install node to install Node.js.

Linux/BSD users should use their appropriate package managers to install git and Node.js, or build from source
if you swing that way. Easy-peasy.

How to build your own jQuery

First, clone the jQuery git repo.

Then, enter the jquery directory and run the build script:

1	cd jquery && npm run build

The built version of jQuery will be put in the dist/ subdirectory, along with the minified copy and associated map file.

If you want to create custom build or help with jQuery development, it would be better to install grunt command line interface as a global package:

1	npm install -g grunt-cli

Make sure you have grunt installed by testing:

grunt -V

Now by running the grunt command, in the jquery directory, you can build a full version of jQuery, just like with an npm run build command:

grunt

There are many other tasks available for jQuery Core:

1	grunt -help

Modules

Special builds can be created that exclude subsets of jQuery functionality.
This allows for smaller custom builds when the builder is certain that those parts of jQuery are not being used.
For example, an app that only used JSONP for $.ajax() and did not need to calculate offsets or positions of elements could exclude the offset and ajax/xhr modules.

Any module may be excluded except for core, and selector. To exclude a module, pass its path relative to the src folder (without the .js extension).

Some example modules that can be excluded are:

ajax: All AJAX functionality: $.ajax(), $.get(), $.post(), $.ajaxSetup(), .load(), transports, and ajax event shorthands such as .ajaxStart().
ajax/xhr: The XMLHTTPRequest AJAX transport only.
ajax/script: The <script> AJAX transport only; used to retrieve scripts.
ajax/jsonp: The JSONP AJAX transport only; depends on the ajax/script transport.
css: The .css() method. Also removes all modules depending on css (including effects, dimensions, and offset).
css/showHide: Non-animated .show(), .hide() and .toggle(); can be excluded if you use classes or explicit .css() calls to set the display property. Also removes the effects module.
deprecated: Methods documented as deprecated but not yet removed.
dimensions: The .width() and .height() methods, including inner- and outer- variations.
effects: The .animate() method and its shorthands such as .slideUp() or .hide("slow").
event: The .on() and .off() methods and all event functionality.
event/trigger: The .trigger() and .triggerHandler() methods.
offset: The .offset(), .position(), .offsetParent(), .scrollLeft(), and .scrollTop() methods.
wrap: The .wrap(), .wrapAll(), .wrapInner(), and .unwrap() methods.
core/ready: Exclude the ready module if you place your scripts at the end of the body. Any ready callbacks bound with jQuery() will simply be called immediately. However, jQuery(document).ready() will not be a function and .on("ready", ...) or similar will not be triggered.
deferred: Exclude jQuery.Deferred. This also removes jQuery.Callbacks. Note that modules that depend on jQuery.Deferred(AJAX, effects, core/ready) will not be removed and will still expect jQuery.Deferred to be there. Include your own jQuery.Deferred implementation or exclude those modules as well (grunt custom:-deferred,-ajax,-effects,-core/ready).
exports/global: Exclude the attachment of global jQuery variables ($ and jQuery) to the window.
exports/amd: Exclude the AMD definition.

The build process shows a message for each dependent module it excludes or includes.

AMD name

As an option, you can set the module name for jQuery’s AMD definition. By default, it is set to “jquery”, which plays nicely with plugins and third-party libraries, but there may be cases where you’d like to change this. Simply set the "amd" option:

1	grunt custom --amd="custom-name"

Or, to define anonymously, set the name to an empty string.

1	grunt custom --amd=""

Custom Build Examples

To create a custom build, first check out the version:

1	git pull; git checkout VERSION

Where VERSION is the version you want to customize. Then, make sure all Node dependencies are installed:

1	npm install

Create the custom build using the grunt custom option, listing the modules to be excluded.

Exclude all ajax functionality:

1	grunt custom:-ajax

Excluding css removes modules depending on CSS: effects, offset, dimensions.

1	grunt custom:-css

Exclude a bunch of modules:

1	grunt custom:-ajax/jsonp,-css,-deprecated,-dimensions,-effects,-offset,-wrap

There is also a special alias to generate a build with the same configuration as the official jQuery Slim build is generated:

1	grunt custom:slim

For questions or requests regarding custom builds, please start a thread on the Developing jQuery Core section of the forum. Due to the combinatorics and custom nature of these builds, they are not regularly tested in jQuery’s unit test process.

Running the Unit Tests

Make sure you have the necessary dependencies:

1	npm install

Start grunt watch or npm start to auto-build jQuery as you work:

1	grunt watch

Run the unit tests with a local server that supports PHP. Ensure that you run the site from the root directory, not the “test” directory. No database is required. Pre-configured php local servers are available for Windows and Mac. Here are some options:

Building to a different directory

To copy the built jQuery files from /dist to another directory:

1	grunt && grunt dist:/path/to/special/location/

With this example, the output files would be:

1 2	/path/to/special/location/jquery.js /path/to/special/location/jquery.min.js

To add a permanent copy destination, create a file in dist/ called “.destination.json”. Inside the file, paste and customize the following:


{
  "/Absolute/path/to/other/destination": true
}

Additionally, both methods can be combined.

Essential Git

As the source code is handled by the Git version control system, it’s useful to know some features used.

Cleaning

If you want to purge your working directory back to the status of upstream, the following commands can be used (remember everything you’ve worked on is gone after these):

1 2	git reset --hard upstream/main git clean -fdx

Rebasing

For feature/topic branches, you should always use the --rebase flag to git pull, or if you are usually handling many temporary “to be in a github pull request” branches, run the following to automate this:

1	git config branch.autosetuprebase local

(see man git-config for more information)

Handling merge conflicts

If you’re getting merge conflicts when merging, instead of editing the conflicted files manually, you can use the feature
git mergetool. Even though the default tool xxdiff looks awful/old, it’s rather useful.

The following are some commands that can be used there:

Ctrl + Alt + M - automerge as much as possible
b - jump to next merge conflict
s - change the order of the conflicted lines
u - undo a merge
left mouse button - mark a block to be the winner
middle mouse button - mark a line to be the winner
Ctrl + S - save
Ctrl + Q - quit

QUnit Reference

Test methods

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expect( numAssertions );
stop();
start();

Note: QUnit’s eventual addition of an argument to stop/start is ignored in this test suite so that start and stop can be passed as callbacks without worrying about their parameters.

Test assertions

ok( value, [message] );
equal( actual, expected, [message] );
notEqual( actual, expected, [message] );
deepEqual( actual, expected, [message] );
notDeepEqual( actual, expected, [message] );
strictEqual( actual, expected, [message] );
notStrictEqual( actual, expected, [message] );
throws( block, [expected], [message] );

Test Suite Convenience Methods Reference (See test/data/testinit.js)

Returns an array of elements with the given IDs

q( ... );

Example:

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q("main", "foo", "bar");

=> [ div#main, span#foo, input#bar ]

Asserts that a selection matches the given IDs

1	t( testName, selector, [ "array", "of", "ids" ] );

Example:

1	t("Check for something", "//[a]", ["foo", "bar"]);

Fires a native DOM event without going through jQuery

1	fireNative( node, eventType )

Example:

1	fireNative( jQuery("#elem")[0], "click" );

Add random number to url to stop caching

1	url( "some/url" );

Example:

url("index.html");

=> "data/index.html?10538358428943"


url("mock.php?foo=bar");

=> "data/mock.php?foo=bar&10538358345554"

Run tests in an iframe

Some tests may require a document other than the standard test fixture, and
these can be run in a separate iframe. The actual test code and assertions
remain in jQuery’s main test files; only the minimal test fixture markup
and setup code should be placed in the iframe file.

testIframe( testName, fileName,
  function testCallback(
      assert, jQuery, window, document,
      [ additional args ] ) {
    ...
  } );

This loads a page, constructing a url with fileName "./data/" + fileName.
The iframed page determines when the callback occurs in the test by
including the “/test/data/iframeTest.js” script and calling
startIframeTest( [ additional args ] ) when appropriate. Often this
will be after either document ready or window.onload fires.

The testCallback receives the QUnit assert object created by testIframe
for this test, followed by the global jQuery, window, and document from
the iframe. If the iframe code passes any arguments to startIframeTest,
they follow the document argument.

Questions?

If you have any questions, please feel free to ask on the
Developing jQuery Core forum or in #jquery on irc.freenode.net.

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JQuery

jQuery — New Wave JavaScript

Contribution Guides

Environments in which to use jQuery

What you need to build your own jQuery

How to build your own jQuery

Modules

AMD name

Custom Build Examples

Running the Unit Tests

Building to a different directory

Essential Git

Cleaning

Rebasing

Handling merge conflicts

QUnit Reference

Test methods

Test assertions

Test Suite Convenience Methods Reference (See test/data/testinit.js)

Returns an array of elements with the given IDs

Asserts that a selection matches the given IDs

Fires a native DOM event without going through jQuery

Add random number to url to stop caching

Run tests in an iframe

Questions?